1. Padhye, S; Banerjee, S; Ahmad, A; Mohammad, R; Sarkar, FH (2008). From here to eternity-the secret of Pharaohs: Therapeutic potential of black cumin seeds and beyond. Cancer Ther.; 6, 495–510.
2. Botnick I, Xue W, Bar E, Ibdah M, Schwartz A, Joel DM, Lev E, Fait A, Lewinsohn E (2012). Distribution of primary and specialized metabolites in Nigella sativa seeds, a spice with vast traditional and historical uses. Molecules. 2012 Aug 24;17(9):10159-77.
3. Tavakkoli A, Mahdian V, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H (2017). Review on Clinical Trials of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Its Active Constituent, Thymoquinone. J Pharmacopuncture. 2017 Sep;20(3):179-193.
4. Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BSF, Hosseinzadeh H (2014). “Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): A review on antimicrobial effects,” Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 929–938, 2014.
5. Darakhshan S, Bidmeshki Pour A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Sisakhtnezhad S (2015). Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res. 2015;95-96:138-58.
6. Yimer EM, Tuem KB, Karim A, Ur-Rehman N, Anwar F (2019). “Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin): A Promising Natural Remedy for Wide Range of Illnesses,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2019, Article ID 1528635, 16 pages, 2019.
7. Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F (2013). A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 May;3(5):337-52. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1. PMID: 23646296; PMCID: PMC3642442.
8. Ahmad I, Muneer KM, Tamimi IA, Chang ME, Ata MO, Yusuf N (2013). Thymoquinone suppresses metastasis of melanoma cells by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 270 (1), 70–76.
9. Abdel-Zaher AO, Abdel-Rahman MS, Elwasei FM (2010). “Blockade of nitric oxide overproduction and oxidative stress by Nigella sativa oil attenuates morphine-induced tolerance and dependence in mice,” Neurochemical Research, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1557–1565, 2010.
10. Abdollahi Fard M, Shojaii A (2013). “Efficacy of iranian traditional medicine in the treatment of epilepsy,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2013, Article ID692751, 8 pages, 2013.
11. Abdul-Ameer N, Al-Harchan H (2010). Treatment of acne vulgaris with Nigella Sativa oil lotion. Iraq. Postgrad. Med. J. 2, 140–143.
12. Abulfadl YS, El-Maraghy NN, Ahmed AAE, Nofal S, Badary OA (2018). “Protective effects of thymoquinone on Dgalactose and aluminum chloride induced neurotoxicity in rats: biochemical, histological and behavioral changes,” Neurological Research, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 324–333, 2018.
13. Akhondian J, Kianifar H, Raoofziaee M, Moayedpour A, Toosi MB, Khajedaluee M (2011). “The effect of thymoquinone on intractable pediatric seizures (pilot study),” Epilepsy Research, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 39–43, 2011.
14. Alhebshi AH, Gotoh M, Suzuki I (2013). “Thymoquinone protects cultured rat primary neurons against amyloid 𝛽-induced neurotoxicity,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 433, no. 4, pp. 362–367, 2013.
15. Alhebshi AH, Odawara A, Gotoh M, Suzuki I (2014). “Thymoquinone protects cultured hippocampal and human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neurons against 𝛼-synuclein induced synapse damage,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 570, pp. 126–131, 2014.
16. Ali BH, Blunden G (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa, Phytother. Res. 17 (2003) 299–305, PMID: 12722128.
17. Bano F, Ahmed A, Parveen T, Haider S (2014). “Anxiolytic and hyperlocomotive effects of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds in rats,” Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1547–1552, 2014.
18. Bin Sayeed MS, Shams T, Hossain SF, et al. (2014). “Nigella sativa L. seeds modulate mood, anxiety and cognition in healthy adolescent males,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 156–162, 2014.
19. Gilhotra N, Dhingra D (2011). “Thymoquinone produced antianxiety-like effects in mice through modulation of GABA and NO levels,” Pharmacological Reports, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 660–669, 2011.
20. Hosseini M, Mohammadpour T, Karami R, Rajaei Z, Sadeghnia HR, Soukhtanloo M (2015). “Effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella Sativa on scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in rats and its possible mechanism,” Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 438–444, 2015.
21. Mostafa R, Moustafa Y, Mirghani Z (2012). “Thymoquinone alone or in combination with phenobarbital reduces the seizure score and the oxidative burden in pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats,” Oxidants and Antioxidants in Medical Science, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 185–192, 2012.
22. Norouzi F, Abareshi A, Anaeigoudari A, et al. (2016). “The effects of Nigella sativa on sickness behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide in male Wistar rats,” Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 104, 2016.
23. Perveen T, Haider S, Zuberi NA, Saleem S, Sadaf S, Batool Z (2014). “Increased 5-HT levels following repeated administration of Nigella sativa L. (black seed) oil produce antidepressant effects in rats,” Scientia Pharmaceutica, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 161–170, 2014.
24. Radad K, Moldzio R, Taha M, Rausch WD (2009). “Thymoquinone protects dopaminergic neurons against MPP+ and rotenone,” Phytotherapy Research, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 696–700, 2009.
25. Sahak MKA, Kabir N, Abbas G, Draman S, Hashim NH, Hasan Adli DS (2016). “The Role of Nigella sativa and its active constituents in learning and memory,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2016, Article ID 6075679, 6 pages, 2016.
26. Sangi S, Ahmed SP, Channa MA, Ashfaq M, Mastoi SM (2008). “A new and novel treatment of opioid dependence: Nigella sativa 500mg,” Journal of AyubMedical College, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 118–124, 2008.
27. Sayeed MSB, Asaduzzaman M, Morshed H, Hossain MM, Kadir MF, Rahman MR (2013). “The effect of Nigella sativa Linn. seed on memory, attention and cognition in healthy 14 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine human volunteers,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 148, no. 3, pp. 780–786, 2013.
28. Sedaghat R, Roghani M, Khalili M (2014). “Neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone, the nigella sativa bioactive compound, in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemi-parkinsonian rat model,” Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 227–234, 2014.
29. Seghatoleslam M, Alipour F, Shafieian R, et al. (2016). “The effects of Nigella sativa on neural damage after pentylenetetrazole induced seizures in rats,” Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 262–268, 2016.
30. Sharaf R, Elsayed MN, Mahran L (2014). “Neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone against lipopolysaccharide-induced Alzheimer’s disease in an animal model,” European Geriatric Medicine, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. S83–S158, 2014.
31. Wilson MA, Grillo CA, Fadel JR, Reagan LP (2015). “Stress as a one-armed bandit: Differential effects of stress paradigms on themorphology, neurochemistry and behavior in the rodent amygdala,” Neurobiology of Stress, vol. 1, pp. 195–208, 2015.
32. Arafa ESA, Zhu Q, Shah ZI, et al. (2011). “Thymoquinone up-regulates PTEN expression and induces apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cells,” Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol. 706, no. 1-2, pp. 28–35, 2011.
33. Effenberger K, Breyer S, Schobert R (2010). “Terpene conjugates of the Nigella sativa seed-oil constituent thymoquinone with enhanced efficacy in cancer cells,” Chemistry &Biodiversity, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 129–139, 2010.
34. Elkhoely A, Hafez HF, Ashmawy AM, et al. (2015). “Chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials of thymoquinone in HepG2 cells: Mechanistic perspectives,” Journal of Natural Medicines, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 313–323, 2015.
35. Gali-Muhtasib H, Ocker M, Kuester D, et al. (2008). “Thymoquinone reduces mouse colon tumor cell invasion and inhibits tumor growth in murine colon cancer models,” Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 330–342, 2008.
36. Kabil N, Bayraktar R, Kahraman N, et al. (2018). “Thymoquinone inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) signaling axis in triple negative breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 171, no. 3, pp. 593–605, 2018.
37. Kou B, Kou Q, Ma B, et al. (2018). “Thymoquinone inhibits metastatic phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by regulating the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway,” Oncology Reports, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 1443–1450, 2018.
38. Kou B, Liu W, Zhao W, et al. (2017). “Thymoquinone inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells by negatively regulating the TGF-𝛽/Smad2/3 signaling pathway,” Oncology Reports, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 3592–3598, 2017.
39. Ng WK, Yazan LS, Ismail M (2011). “Thymoquinone from Nigella sativa was more potent than cisplatin in eliminating of SiHa cells via apoptosis with down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein,” Toxicology in Vitro, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1392–1398, 2011.
40. Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Alshatwi AA (2016). “Anticancer activity of an ultrasonic nanoemulsion formulation of Nigella sativa L. essential oil on human breast cancer cells,” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, vol. 31, pp. 449–455, 2016.
41. Salim EI (2010). “Cancer chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa L., in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay,” Oncology Letters, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 913–924, 2010.
42. Salim EI, Fukushima S (2003). “Chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds against rat colon carcinogenesis,” Nutrition and Cancer, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 195–202, 2003.
43. Schneider-Stock R, Fakhoury IH, Zaki AM, El-Baba CO, Gali-Muhtasib HU (2014). “Thymoquinone: fifty years of success in the battle against cancer models,” Drug Discovery Therapy, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 18–30, 2014.
44. Shahin YR, Elguindy NM, Abdel Bary A, Balbaa M (2018). “The protective mechanism of Nigella sativa against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma through its antioxidant effect and EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling,” Environmental Toxicology, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 885–898, 2018.
45. Zhang M, Du H, Huang Z, et al. (2018-1). “Thymoquinone induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cell via endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent mitochondrial pathway,” Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 292, pp. 65–75, 2018.
46. Zhang Y, Fan Y, Huang S, et al. (2018-2). “Thymoquinone inhibits the metastasis of renal cell cancer cells by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway,” Cancer Science, vol. 109, no. 12, pp. 3865–3873, 2018.
47. Aljabre SH, Alakloby OM, Randhawa MA (2015). “Dermatological effects of Nigella sativa,” Journal of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 92–96, 2015.